diff --git a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_gemini_with_spend.test.js b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_gemini_with_spend.test.js
index 989bbc4b8e..b9a25d3a3e 100644
--- a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_gemini_with_spend.test.js
+++ b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_gemini_with_spend.test.js
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ describe('Gemini AI Tests', () => {
         };
 
         const model = genAI.getGenerativeModel({
-            model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite'
+            model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite'
         }, requestOptions);
 
         const prompt = 'Say "hello test" and nothing else';
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ describe('Gemini AI Tests', () => {
         };
 
         const model = genAI.getGenerativeModel({
-            model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite'
+            model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite'
         }, requestOptions);
 
         const prompt = 'Say "hello test" and nothing else';
diff --git a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_gemini.js b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_gemini.js
index 0a72ca5cd7..dc033a51f1 100644
--- a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_gemini.js
+++ b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_gemini.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 const { GoogleGenerativeAI, ModelParams, RequestOptions } = require("@google/generative-ai");
 
 const modelParams = {
-    model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite',
+    model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite',
 };
   
 const requestOptions = {
     baseUrl: 'http://127.0.0.1:4000/gemini',
     customHeaders: {
-        "tags": "gemini-js-sdk,gemini-2.5-flash-lite"
+        "tags": "gemini-js-sdk,gemini-3.1-flash-lite"
     }
 };
   
diff --git a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_vertex.js b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_vertex.js
index 149635e2d6..7cfe31db95 100644
--- a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_vertex.js
+++ b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_local_vertex.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ const { VertexAI, RequestOptions } = require('@google-cloud/vertexai');
 
 const vertexAI = new VertexAI({
     project: 'litellm-ci-cd',
-    location: 'us-central1',
+    location: 'global',
     apiEndpoint: "127.0.0.1:4000/vertex-ai"
 });
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const requestOptions = {
 };
 
 const generativeModel = vertexAI.getGenerativeModel(
-    { model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite' },
+    { model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite' },
     requestOptions
 );
 
diff --git a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex.test.js b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex.test.js
index 7b5edf6acd..e0e879c289 100644
--- a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex.test.js
+++ b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex.test.js
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ beforeAll(() => {
     loadVertexAiCredentials();
 });
 
+// Configure Jest to retry flaky tests up to 3 times (useful for 429 rate limiting)
+jest.retryTimes(3);
+
 // Non-streaming Vertex generateContent can exceed 5s in CI / under load
 const VERTEX_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
 
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ describe('Vertex AI Tests', () => {
         async () => {
             const vertexAI = new VertexAI({
                 project: 'litellm-ci-cd',
-                location: 'us-central1',
+                location: 'global',
                 apiEndpoint: "localhost:4000/vertex-ai"
             });
 
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ describe('Vertex AI Tests', () => {
             };
 
             const generativeModel = vertexAI.getGenerativeModel(
-                { model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite' },
+                { model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite' },
                 requestOptions
             );
 
@@ -108,13 +111,13 @@ describe('Vertex AI Tests', () => {
         async () => {
             const vertexAI = new VertexAI({
                 project: 'litellm-ci-cd',
-                location: 'us-central1',
+                location: 'global',
                 apiEndpoint: "localhost:4000/vertex-ai"
             });
             const customHeaders = new Headers({"x-litellm-api-key": "sk-1234"});
             const requestOptions = {customHeaders: customHeaders};
             const generativeModel = vertexAI.getGenerativeModel(
-                {model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite'},
+                {model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite'},
                 requestOptions
             );
             const request = {contents: [{role: 'user', parts: [{text: 'What is 2+2?'}]}]};
diff --git a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_ai.py b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_ai.py
index 73bf03c500..bf1200489a 100644
--- a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_ai.py
+++ b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_ai.py
@@ -103,12 +103,12 @@ async def test_basic_vertex_ai_pass_through_with_spendlog():
 
     vertexai.init(
         project="litellm-ci-cd",
-        location="us-central1",
+        location="global",
         api_endpoint=f"{LITE_LLM_ENDPOINT}/vertex_ai",
         api_transport="rest",
     )
 
-    model = GenerativeModel(model_name="gemini-2.5-flash-lite")
+    model = GenerativeModel(model_name="gemini-3.1-flash-lite")
     response = model.generate_content("hi")
 
     print("response", response)
@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ async def test_basic_vertex_ai_pass_through_streaming_with_spendlog():
 
     vertexai.init(
         project="litellm-ci-cd",
-        location="us-central1",
+        location="global",
         api_endpoint=f"{LITE_LLM_ENDPOINT}/vertex_ai",
         api_transport="rest",
     )
 
-    model = GenerativeModel(model_name="gemini-2.5-flash-lite")
+    model = GenerativeModel(model_name="gemini-3.1-flash-lite")
     response = model.generate_content("hi", stream=True)
 
     for chunk in response:
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ async def test_vertex_ai_pass_through_endpoint_context_caching():
 
     vertexai.init(
         project="litellm-ci-cd",
-        location="us-central1",
+        location="global",
         api_endpoint=f"{LITE_LLM_ENDPOINT}/vertex_ai",
         api_transport="rest",
     )
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ async def test_vertex_ai_pass_through_endpoint_context_caching():
     ]
 
     cached_content = caching.CachedContent.create(
-        model_name="gemini-2.5-flash-lite-001",
+        model_name="gemini-3.1-flash-lite",
         system_instruction=system_instruction,
         contents=contents,
         ttl=datetime.timedelta(minutes=60),
diff --git a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_with_spend.test.js b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_with_spend.test.js
index 142a1cec8f..4dee890dc7 100644
--- a/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_with_spend.test.js
+++ b/tests/pass_through_tests/test_vertex_with_spend.test.js
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ describe('Vertex AI Tests', () => {
     test('should successfully generate non-streaming content with tags', async () => {
         const vertexAI = new VertexAI({
             project: 'litellm-ci-cd',
-            location: 'us-central1',
+            location: 'global',
             apiEndpoint: "127.0.0.1:4000/vertex_ai"
         });
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ describe('Vertex AI Tests', () => {
         };
 
         const generativeModel = vertexAI.getGenerativeModel(
-            { model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite' },
+            { model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite' },
             requestOptions
         );
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ describe('Vertex AI Tests', () => {
     test('should successfully generate streaming content with tags', async () => {
         const vertexAI = new VertexAI({
             project: 'litellm-ci-cd',
-            location: 'us-central1',
+            location: 'global',
             apiEndpoint: "127.0.0.1:4000/vertex_ai"
         });
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ describe('Vertex AI Tests', () => {
         };
 
         const generativeModel = vertexAI.getGenerativeModel(
-            { model: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite' },
+            { model: 'gemini-3.1-flash-lite' },
             requestOptions
         );